Abstract
As we all know, how covid has rattled each and every one of us throughout the world and millions have died and still suffering due to losses occurred due to it. So, this project explains us and shows some insights about the symptoms of the covid persons, which helps us to identify whether a person is having covid/not by using machine learning algorithms. Using those as inputs we can develop an intelligent model which can help us to predict whether a person is affected with covid or not.
Algorithm Description
Random Forest Classifier:
Random Forest Classifier: Random Forest Classifier is an ensemble algorithm which works with multiple algorithms parallelly. This is a supervised algorithm and it can be used with both classification and regression problems. The output of the new data is estimated either by using majority voting or average voting technique. Since the algorithm works with bagging technique, multiple decision trees are used to provide the output for the specific input. This is a key difference between decision trees and random forests. While decision trees consider all the possible feature splits, random forests only select a subset of those features. Random forest works best with large datasets and high dimensional.
References:
Decision Tree Classifier:
A decision tree is a tool for making decisions and the process for making decisions is in a tree like structure, decision tree is a supervised machine learning algorithm mainly used for predicting the outcome after computing all the attributes. The process flow of Decision tree goes from Root node to leave node i.e., the decision node.
References:
- https://www.ibm.com/topics/decision-trees
- https://www.mastersindatascience.org/learning/introduction-to-machine-learning-algorithms/decision-tree/
Extreme Gradient Boosting Classifier: Extreme Gradient Boosting is a boosting algorithm which is introduced as a library written in C++, to optimize the existing gradient boosting algorithm. In this algorithm, decision trees are sued sequentially and weights are assigned to each independent variable. The weights are increased for the variables of the tree which has predicted wrong class and these variables are fed to the second tree. Further down, all these individuals’ classifiers/predictors then ensemble to give a more precise result. This algorithm can work with regression and classification.
Logistic Regression: Logistic Regression is a Supervised algorithm which mostly works in the case of binary classification problems. Logistic regression is a sophisticated algorithm where the data to be trained using this algorithm should be properly presented i.e., Normalized/Scaled, Columns should be Converted to numerical and data should be neat and clean. The output is presented in the form of logit score, where this helps us to predict the likelihood of an event occurring of a given problem. The main reason of getting a S curve in the below chart is that the sigmoid function does the trick of converting the given number in the range between 0 and 1.
Sigmoid(x) = Y = 1 / 1+e -z
References:
How to Execute?
Make sure you have checked the add to path tick boxes while installing python, anaconda.
Refer to this link, if you are just starting and want to know how to install anaconda.
If you already have anaconda and want to check on how to create anaconda environment, refer to this article set up jupyter notebook. You can skip the article if you have knowledge of installing anaconda, setting up environment and installing requirements.txt
- Install the prerequisites/software’s required to execute the code from reading the above blog which is provided in the link above.
- Press windows key and type in anaconda prompt a terminal opens up.
- Before executing the code, we need to create a specific environment which allows us to install the required libraries necessary for our project.
- Type conda create -name “env_name”, e.g.: conda create -name project_1
- Type conda activate “env_name, e.g.: conda activate project_1
- Go to the directory where your requirement.txt file is present.
- cd <>. E.g., If my file is in d drive, then
- d:
7.cd d:\License-Plate-Recognition–main #CHANGE PATH AS PER YOUR PROJECT, THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE
8. If your project is in c drive, you can ignore step 5 and go with step 6
9. g., cd C:\Users\Hi\License-Plate-Recognition-main
10. CHANGE PATH AS PER YOUR PROJECT, THIS IS JUST AN EXAMPLE
11. Run pip install -r requirements.txt or conda install requirements.txt (Requirements.txt is a text file consisting of all the necessary libraries required for executing this python file. If it gives any error while installing libraries, you might need to install them individually.)
12. To run .py file make sure you are in the anaconda terminal with the anaconda path being set as your executable file/folder is being saved. Then type python main.pyin the terminal, before running open the main.py and make sure to change the path of the dataset.
13. If you would like to run .ipynb file, Please follow the link to setup and open jupyter notebook, You will be redirected to the local server there you can select which ever .ipynb file you’d like to run and click on it and execute each cell one by one by pressing shift+enter.
Please follow the above links on how to install and set up anaconda environment to execute files.
Data Description
The Dataset is collected form Kaggle Repository which contains 5435 Instances with 21 features. Some of the features which has a very high correlation with our targe variable i.e., Covid(Yes/No) are Breathing, Fever, cold, cough, headache, Fatigue, abroad travel etc., The dataset requires data balancing since one of the classes are very low compared to the other class, which might result in data bias. There aren’t any null values and data cleaning is perfect which makes ready to eat data from the people who would like to work on it.
Final Results
- Logistic Regression
2. Random Forest Classifier
3. Decision Tree
4. Extreme Gradient Boost
Testing on a Single User
Evaluation Metrics
Evaluation metrics are considered as one of the most important steps in any machine learning and deep learning projects, where it will allow us to evaluate how good our model is performing on the new data or on unseen data. There are a lot of evaluation metrics which can be used in order to assess how good our model is performing such as roc_auc_curve, f1_score, recall, precision and each of which work for specific problem we deal. So, for our project we have gone with confusion matrix and classification report which helps us to evaluate not just the accuracy of the model but also the other metrics such as precision, recall and f1_score.
Confusion matrix:
Classification Report: Classification report helps us to understand and evaluate how good the model is performing which consists of different evaluation metrics, such as
Precision: This will count number of correct predictions of a single class divided by the total number of observations of the same class.
Precision = TP/(TP + FP)
Recall: Recall is calculated by counting the actual number of classes in a single class divided by total number of observations of that particular class.
Recall = TP/(TP+FN)
F1_score: This is a Harmonic average of Precision and recall.
F1 Score = 2*(Recall * Precision) / (Recall + Precision)
Reference:
Issues you may face while executing the code
- We might face an issue while installing specific libraries, in this case, you might need to install the libraires manually. Example: pip install “module name/library” i.e., pip install pandas
- Make sure you have the latest or specific version of python, since sometimes it might cause version mismatch.
- Adding path to environment variables in order to run python files and anaconda environment in code editor, specifically in any code editor.
- Make sure to change the paths in the code accordingly where your dataset/model is saved.
Refer to the Below links to get more details on installing python and anaconda and how to configure it.
http://techieyantechnologies.com/2022/07/how-to-install-anaconda/
Note:
All the required data has been provided over here. Please feel free to contact me for model weights and if you face any issues.
Click Here For The Source Code And Associated Files.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/abhinay-lingala-5a3ab7205/
Yes, you now have more knowledge than yesterday, Keep Going.